One of the crystalline forms of carbon. It is historically known as a gemstone, however, it is the physically hardest substance known and is now widely used as an abrasive in high productivity tools in industry. Diamond also has other remarkable physical properties:
| Properties of Diamond | |
| Density [g/cm3] | 3.52 |
| Compressive strength [GPa] | 8.68 |
| Fracture toughness [MPam1/2] | 3.40 |
| Knoop hardness [GPa] | 57 - 104 |
| Young's modulus [GPa] | 1141 |
| Thermal expansion [10-6K-1] | 1.5 - 4.8 |
| Thermal conductivity [Wm-1K-1] | 500 - 2000 |
| Wear coefficient | 2.14 - 5.49 |
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